3G Networks

What is 3G Networks? 

3G refers to the Third (3^rd) Generation Network, which belongs to latest technology with mobile phone in telecommunication arena. In 3G you will get fast data or download speed on your cell phone or smart phone. You can use 3G networks with your Android hand set, Tab, PC and laptop.3G provides high speed internet access, video call, directs video watching, music, high resolution image to view and experienced with multimedia herewith.

By using 3G you will be proficient to enjoy a lot of features:

 ** You can establish a video call with others.

 ** High speed internet access.

 ** To see live each other during speaking, if both have 3G supported handset.

 ** Possible to send video emails and video clips.

 ** You can enjoy live TV programs on your 3G enabled phones while you are running or moving to different places.

3G Networks setting to your Mobile Phone:

Step-1: Go to your Phone settings.

Step-2: Select Network Settings.

Step-3: Select 2G & 3G Mode or 2G & UMTS mode or Dual Network

Step-4: To save, Press OK Button.

What is the Speeds 1G Up-to 4G Networks?

1G: 1G is provided only text messaging and assembling calls speed as like as analog system.

2G: 2G is World Wide Roaming system of its connectivity.

2.5G: 2.5G is GPRS or General Packet Radio Service, speed below 384Kbps based.

3G: 3G means UMTS which maximum speed is upto 3.2Mbps.

3.5G: 3.5G means HSDPA/HSUPA which maximum speed is upto 14Mbps.

3.75G: 3.75G is the latest and last Up-gradation, which is called HSPA and maximum speed is upto 21Mbps.

4G: 4G is one step ahead from 3.75G and its speed range 100Mbps to 1Gbps.

Description Network generation:

G and 2G, 3G and 4G stand designed for the “Generation” of the mobile network. at the moment, mobile phone operators have ongoing gifting 4G armed forces in the country. A superior digit previous to the ‘G’ means extra supremacy to send out and obtain more in order and consequently the capability to accomplish a advanced good organization from side to side the wireless set of connections.

Seeing as the name would recommend, First Generation (1G) was the first generation of mobile phone networks. At this point fundamentally, telephone system signals were transmitted in ‘Analogue’ form and unexpectedly, one was not able to do a great deal other than transferring text messaging and assembling calls. But the major drawback, though came in the form of inadequate arrangement accessibility, as in the network was obtainable merely surrounded by the nation state.

Second Generation (2G) networks on the additional hand, were based on slight crowd digital networks. Signals were transmitted in the digital format and this radically enhanced the excellence of calls and also compact the difficulty of data broadcast. The added benefit of the 2G network came in the form of partially worldwide roving System, which enabled the connectivity all in excess of the Globe.

Stuck between 2G and 3G in attendance was a small stage in between someplace cellular phones  became sleeker and more‘pocket able’ if we can call it that.  This is prevalently referred to as 2.5G somewhere the measure of radio waves to be transmitted was greatly minor. This in revolve had an upshot on the figure and makeup of cellular phone. However the majority of all, 2.5G helped in the ushering of General Pocket Radio Service (GPRS).

The Third Generation (3G) of cellular networks has turn out to be well-liked principally gratitude to the aptitude of users to right of entry the internet above procedure like Cell Phones and Tab. The rapidity of data transmission on a 3G network ranges along with 384Kbps to 2Mbps. This means a 3G network in summit of fact allows for extra data transmission and so the network enables right to be heard and video calling, file transmission, internet surfing, online TV, watch high definition videos, play games and a great deal extra.  3G is the most excellent choice for users who require to for all time staying associated to internet.

Fourth Generation (4G) cellular phone networks are supposed to make available a lot of importance supplementary facial appearance. In adding together to all the 3G conveniences, records transmission is whispered to go from side to side the covering by means of speeds ranging between 100Mbps to 1Gbps.Few! Joyful chatting, surfing, conferencing, conversation, networking, carousing, or whatsoever you want to do on your Cell phone.

UMTS NETWORK SUMMARY

Communication has forever been essential to humankind. Once 2 individuals meet, they solely want their voice tocommunicate, however because the distance will increase the requirement for tools arises. Once Alexander Graham Bell unreal the telephone in 1876, a major step was taken to change 2 individuals to speak along, but way apart they'll be that is, as long as they're close to a phone set! For quite a century wire line telephone has been the answer for spoken communication over distance for many individuals. Radio based mostly communication systems not counting on a wire for network access were developed for special functions (e.g. military, police, military service and closed automotive radio nets), and eventually systems emerged permitting individuals to speak via telephones with radio instead of wire line access.
They were primarily meant for individuals driving in cars and were called mobile telephone systems.

During the first Nineteen Eighties, the primary generation (1G) of mobile phone systems supported analog technology was experiencing ascension in several European countries. Every country developed its own system, every incompatible with the others in terms of kit and operation. This semiconductor diode to would like and a necessity for a standard European mobile communication system with high capability and pan-European coverage. The latter understood that similar mobile telephones can be utilized in all European countries which incoming calls would mechanically be routed to the mobile phone freelance of location (automatic roaming). Additionally it had been expected that one single European market with common standards would result in cheaper user instrumentality and vendor-independent network parts.

Finally, the utilization of contemporary digital technology would lead to smaller hand-held devices in addition to improved functionality and quality. In 1982 the CEPT (Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs) shaped a study cluster known as the Group Special Mobile (GSM) to check and develop a pan-European public land mobile system – the second generation of cellular telephony (2G). The name of the study cluster - GSM - was additionally used for the cellular method. In 1989, GSM accountability was transferred from CEPT to the ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute).

Originally GSM was solely meant for the ETSI member countries. However, several alternative countries have additionally implemented GSM – e.g. jap Europe, the center East, Asia, Africa, the Pacific Basin and North America (with a spinoff of GSM known as PCS1900). The name GSM – currently which means the world System for Mobile communication – is therefore terribly acceptable.

UMTS Features:

UMTS supports most theoretical information transfer rates of forty two Mbit/s once HSPA+ is enforced within the network.[2] Users in deployed networks will expect a transfer rate of up to 384 kbit/s for unharness '99 (R99)handsets (the original UMTS release), and 7.2 Mbit/s for HSDPA handsets within the downlink association. These speeds are considerably quicker than the nine.6 kbit/s of one GSM error-corrected circuit switched information channel, multiple 9.6 kbit/s channels in HSCSD and fourteen.4 kbit/s for CDMA new channels.

Since 2006, UMTS networks in several countries are or are within the method of being upgraded with High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), typically called three.5G. Currently, HSDPA allows downlink transfer speeds of up to twenty one Mbit/s. Work is additionally progressing on up the transmission transfer speed with the High-Speed transmission Packet Access (HSUPA). Long run, the 3GPP future Evolution (LTE) project plans to maneuver UMTS to 4G speeds of one hundred Mbit/s down and fifty Mbit/s up, employing a next generation air interface technology based mostly upon orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing.

The first national shopper UMTS networks launched in 2002 with an important stress on Telco-provided mobile applications like mobile TV and video line of work. The high information speeds of UMTS are currently most frequently utilized for web access: expertise in Japan et al has shown that user demand for video calls isn't high, and Telco-provided audio/video content has declined in quality in favor of high-speed access to the globe Wide Web—either directly on a phone or connected to a laptop via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or USB.

GSM has been around for a decade and has become an awesome success, being terribly wide deployed in most components of the globe. The system is similar temperament for spoken communication and is additionally extensively used for brief Message Service (SMS) data transfer. Circuit switched information services were additionally lined by the GSM specification, because the integrated wireless access to voice and information services was one in all the goals for the system.

However, the offered access speed (max. 9600 baud) has restricted the utilization of the GSM system for information applications. ETSI have outlined many solutions to enhance the information access of the mobile network typically noted as two.5G. This is to point that they represent a success compared to GSM; however these systems are still quite tightly connected

To GSM:

HSCSD (High Speed Circuit Switched Data), GPRS (General Packet Radio System) and EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for Global/GSM Evolution).HSCSD is that the simplest sweetening of the GSM system for data: Like GSM it's supported circuit switched connections, however a higher utilization of the obtainable information measure and allocation of quite just once slot per connection permits higher information rates – on paper up to fifty seven.6 kbps. However, the circuit switched nature of HSCSD makes it inefficient for information traffic, as this is often packet headed. GPRS is intended as a packet information service with a theoretical most rate of approx. 170kbps. GPRS coexists with the GSM network, reusing the fundamental structure of the AN. General Packet radio service is an addition of GSM Networks with information services carried on the prevailing radio infrastructure, whereas the core network is increased by a packet overlay with new parts and interfaces. GPRS supports combined voice and information services and allows multimedia services.

EDGE is a sweetening of the GSM/GPRS system employing a new air interface modulation technique that enables the bit rate on the air interface to be accrued significantly. EDGE can increase the theoretical most rates to 384kbps.

The UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) – third generation cellular telephone (3G) – is anticipated to do quite simply offer higher and quicker mobile communication. UMTS will change combination ofvoice and information services during a new means, as an example facilitating transmission and end-to-end broadband services. In summary, UMTS can mean the subsequent for operators and their customers:

UMTS for customers:

• Worldwide wireless access employing a single phone

• A large vary of transmission services with acceptable quality levels

• The third generation mobile customary allows mobile users to harness the total power of the web through economical high-speed radio transmission, optimized for transmission communications

• UMTS can create the dream of anyplace, anytime communications a reality

UMTS for the operator:

• Unification of the various wireless access systems we tend to see nowadays into a versatile radio infrastructure

• Evolution from earlier "legacy" systems, making certain international economies of scale and provide whereas allowing:

- many scope for product and repair differentiation

- selection of radio access strategies and core networks so as to flexibly implement and evolve their systems supported the restrictive, market or business necessities for every region or country For operators there's an enormous distinction within the investment needed to supply a two.5G (GPRS) compared to a 3G system. 2.5G needs comparatively little investments for the required modifications of the radio access network and add-on instrumentality (a packet switched core network) on prime of existing GSM networks, whereas UMTS needs an awfully

Large investment, as most of the network should be created from the bottom up. EDGE will need vastinvestments, as a brand new radio access network is going to be required.

For existing GSM operators, 2.5G technologies are going to be enticing as they'll be enforced supported the operation licenses operators have already got, whereas UMTS needs new (and in many countries luxurious) authorizations. On behalf of workers GPRS are going to be a serious success with new services, whereas UMTS is principally AN extension of person’s facilities. Therefore the success of GPRS and therefore the services it offers are going to be a vital indicator of those services can drive the success of coming back 3G UMTS networks.

UMTS Facilities:

The Services on a UMTS Network as the UMTS network evolves, a lot of and a lot of services are going to stand sustained. Through UMTS Rel-5 the mobile linkage will support services like those legendary from the web nowadays, e.g. video streaming, vocalization scientific discipline (VoIP), video conferencing and interactive services.

The means UMTS is outlined separates as way as potential the part of the network that produces actual connections from the half that maintains services. This facilitates a lot of openness and potential within the market and permits a plan of separate suppliers of contents, service and carriers.

8125 Loss of synchronization signal(s)

Severity:	Object affected:	Object state:	Module/Unit:
Critical	TRE	Enabled	FIxx
Fault reason:	Instruction:
Field not  used.	All defined synchronisation sources in the synchronisation priority list are invalid or the list is empty. Node is running on its internal clock. 1. Check that synchronisation priority list has Rx clock entries for used interfaces. 2. In case FIFA PIU is used, check that the microwave link is commissioned and operational. Refer to FIFA product documentation for further instructions. 3. If any of the alarms 8050, 8066, 8081, 8099, 8056, 8073, 8277,8278, or 8282 are active, follow the instructions on them.. 4. Check that interface cables are correctly mated to FIxx. Check also condition of the connectors. 5. With FIQA or FIYA and using adaptive clock recovery at a PW as synch source, check if packet switched network is of sufficient quality. Refer to documentation about synchronization of BTS with FIQA, FIYA. 6. Replace FIxx.

             

7616 Oscillator Adjustment Temporarily interrupted

Severity:	Object affected:	Object state:	Module/Unit:
Minor	BCF	Enabled	ESMx
Fault reason:	Instruction:
Clock tuning DAC word reaching min/max limit.	Oven oscillator DAC word is within 5% of the min/max limit. Alarm is activated if the DAC word is between 0-204 or 3891-4095. This alarm can be activated due to incorrect synchronisation settings in transmission network. 1. Check the Abis synchronisation that there are valid Rx clock sources available. 1.1. If the reference clock is ok, tune the ESMx clock to the correct frequency. 1.2. If the reference clock is not ok, check the alarm history for 8xxx alarms for the possible reason for the incorrect reference clock. Follow the instructions on 8xxx alarms. After correcting the reference clock tune ESMx clock to the correct frequency.

             

8081 Loss of frame alignment

Severity:	Object affected:	Object state:	Module/Unit:
Critical	TRE	Enabled	FIxx
Fault reason:	Instruction:
Field not used.	Framing error has been detected in the received signal. This alarm can be caused by bad quality of the E1/T1 signal or the device at the far-end is not sending valid E1/T1 signal due to misconfiguration. 1. If FIFA PIU is used, refer to the FIFA product documentation for instructions. 2. Check that the interface settings are correct for the link. 3. Check quality of the E1/T1 line by enabling a Loop to Interface (line) at the far end equipment. If the alarm is cancelled during the loop test, check the far-end equipment. 4. Equip an external cable loop to the interface to check that the interface in FIxx is ok. If the alarm is still active during the loop test, go to step 6. 5. Check the condition of cables, connectors and correct polarities of the wire pairs. 6. Check that FIxx is fully inserted in to ESMx. 7. Replace FIxx. 8. Check the signal quality of the transmission path to the alarming equipment.

             

7995 Mains breakdown with battery back-up

Severity:	Object affected:	Object state:	Module/Unit:
Minor	BCF	Enabled	FPBA
Fault reason:	Instruction:
Field not used.	One or more AC phases of the mains supply are faulty and site is operating on battery backup. 1. Check the mains supply coming to the site support equipment. a. If the mains supply is ok, check the EAC cabling between ESMx and the site support equipment. OR b. Check that the cable is completely mated between FPA and the power module. 2. Repair the site support equipment.

             

8275 Licence for Flexi Abis TRS Grooming is not available

Severity:	Object affected:	Object state:	Module/Unit:
Minor	TRE	Enabled	FIxx
Fault reason:	Instruction:
Field not used	Bypass cross-connections are configured in used E1/T1 interfaces without a licence. 1. Install and activate the 'Flexi Abis TRS Grooming' licence at the BSC. 2. Disable all the cross-connections which are controlled by 'Flexi Abis TRS Grooming'. Note: Bi-directional cross-connections controlled by 'Flexi Abis TRS Grooming' are of the following granularities: 8 kBit/s, 16 kBit/s, 32 kBit/s, 64 kBit/s and n*64 kBit/s.

             

8276 Licence for Flexi TRS Loop Protection is not available

Severity:	Object affected:	Object state:	Module/Unit:
Minor	TRE	Enabled	ESMx
Fault reason:	Instruction:
Field not used.	Abis protection and/or protected cross-connections are configured in used E1/T1 interfaces without a licence. 1. Install and activate the 'Flexi TRS Loop Protection' licence at the BSC. 2. Disable all cross-connections which are controlled by 'Flexi TRS Loop Protection'. Note: Protected bi-directional cross-connections, Masked bi-directional cross-connections and Abis protection are controlled by 'Flexi TRS Loop Protection'.

             

8020 Blocked from use

Severity:	Object affected:	Object state:	Module/Unit:
Major	TRE	Enabled	ESMx
Fault reason:	Instruction:
Field not used.	A cross-connection is configured to an interface which is not in use. 1. Check that all interfaces where cross connection termination points have been set are in use. In cross connection window, blocked cross connections are highlighted in Italic font. 2. Remove any unnecessary cross connections that have termination point(s) to non-existing or unused interfaces.

             

8179 Far-end alarm

Severity:	Object affected:	Object state:	Module/Unit:
Major	TRE	Enabled	FIxx
Fault reason:	Instruction:
Field not used.	Sent by the equipment in the far-end (TS0 Bit 3), which indicates that far-end equipment is unable to receive the signal. 1. Check the far end equipment for alarms 8050, 8066, 8081 and 8086. See the instructions on them. 2. Apply Loop to interface (line) at far end to check that link is ok. If 8050/8066/8081/8086 alarm is not active at near-end during the loop test the problem is at the far-end receiver. Note: 8179 Far-end alarm will be cancelled during this test. 3. Equip an external cable loop to the interface to check that the interface in FIxx is ok. If 8050/8066/8081/8086 alarm is active during the loop test, go to step 5. Note: 8179 Far-end alarm will be cancelled during this test. 4. Check the condition of cables, connectors, and correct polarities of the wire pairs. 5. Check that FIxx is fully inserted in to ESMx. 6. Replace FIxx.

             

7608 TRX Notification

Severity:	Object affected:	Object state:	Module/Unit:
Minor	TRX	Enabled	ECxx, ERxA, EXxA, EOCA
Fault reason:	Instruction:
ECxx RTC module incoming frame clock FCLK lost during runtime.	ECxx RTC module has detected that the Frame Clock coming from the ESMA System module is missing. Air3 loop services are unavailable. 1. Reset the BCF to allow ECxx to attempt resynchronisation to incoming FCLK. 2. Replace ECxx. 3. If alarm is raised for all ECxx modules connected to ESMA, replace ESMA.
ECxx RTC module loop synthesizer fails to lock.	The RF loop synthesizer in ECxx RTC module has not achieved phase lock state after several attempts. 1. Replace ECxx.
ERxx DDU module loop synthesizer fails to lock.	The RF loop synthesizer in ERxx DDU module has not achieved phase lock state after several attempts. 1. Replace ERxx.
ERxx DDU module SW upgrade impossible, unknown manufacturer.	EXxx TRX module cannot identify connected ERxx DDU module. 1. Download and activate the latest release of the BTS SW to the BTS site.
ESMA System module has lost connection to XEOCA Optical module.	EOCA Optical module is not responding to ESMA System module. 1. If on Local EOCA: 1.1 Check the bus cable, cable connectors between ESxx and Local EOCA. 1.2 Replace Local EOCA. 2. If on Remote EOCA: 2.1 Replace Remote EOCA. Note: If this alarm is starting and cancelling repeatedly then check input voltage supplied to alarming EOCA. Ensure that power supply provides voltage within 42V - 57.0V DC range.
EXxx TRX module cooling fan speed has increased from the set speed.	The cooling fan speed of TRX module has increased substantially from the commanded fan speed. 1. Check the ESMA operational voltage as an increased ESMA voltage could lead to overspeeding of the fans. 2. Replace the fan unit. 3. Replace EXxx.
EXxx TRX module cooling fan speed has reduced from the set speed.	The cooling fan speed has reduced substantially from the commanded fan speed. 1. Check that nothing obstructs the fan(s) from rotating. 2. Clean the fan unit of dust and/or dirt. 3. Replace the fan unit. 4. Replace EXxx. Note: If "Temperature high/dangerously high" and/or 7621 alarm(s) are also active, perform these actions as soon as possible.
EXxx TRX module temperature high.	EXxx TRX module has detected that its internal temperature has exceeded +90C/+194F. 1. Ensure that the ambient temperature of the base station is below +50C/+122F. 2. Check if any fan alarms are also active. If active, refer to fan alarm instructions to resolve. 3. Replace the EXxx. Note that this alarm remains active if the temperature still increases and the "temperature dangerously high" alarm is activated.
EXxx TRX module unable to read internal temperature sensors.	There is no temperature measurement in the EXxx TRX module. All temperature sensors inside the module are broken. Fans are rotating at maximum speed. 1. Replace the EXxx. Note: If fan alarm(s) are active at EXxx, perform this action as soon as possible.
OVP plug-in unit is damaged (of remote or local EOCA).	Replace the OVP plug-in unit.
Temperature inside XEOCA exceeds specified temperature range.	Internal temperature of EOCA Optical module has exceeded +85C/+185F. 1. Ensure that the ambient temperature of the base station is below +50C/+122F. 2. Check if fan alarm is also active. If active, refer to fan alarm instructions to resolve. 3. Replace the alarming EOCA.
XEOCA Optical module detected cooling fan speed degradation.	EOCA Optical module detected reduced or no rotation of fan against commanded speed. 1. Check that nothing obstructs the fan from rotating. 2. Clean the fan unit of dust and/or dirt. 3. Replace the fan unit. 4. Replace the alarming EOCA. Note: If temperature alarms are also active, perform these actions as soon as possible.
XEOCA Optical module detected over current on its output power port(s).	Over current occured on the output power port(s) of Remote EOCA Optical module. Affected EXxx TRX module(s) are powered down. 1. Check the power cable between Remote EOCA and EXxx. 2. Replace EXxx. 3. Replace Remote EOCA.
XEOCA Optical module detected temperature sensor problem.	There is no temperature measurement in the EOCA Optical module. All temperature sensors inside the module are broken. The fan is rotating at maximum speed. 1. Replace the alarming EOCA. Note: If EOCA fan alarm is active, perform this action as soon as possible.

             

7606 TRX Faulty

Severity:

Object affected:

Object state:

Module/Unit:

Major

TRX

Disabled

ECxx, ERxA, ESMx, EXxA, EOCA.

Fault reason:

Instruction:

ECxx RTC module cavity is broken.

ECxx RTC module has detected that its cavity stepper motor cannot be moved or its phase detection logic is broken. 1. Issue a TRX lock/unlock to allow RTC module reconfiguration. 2. If alarm reappears, replace ECxx.

ECxx RTC module has detected VSWR above major limit at antenna.

User definable major alarm threshold for VSWR measurement has been exceeded. The default value is 3.1. 1. Check the condition of the feeder and jumper cable, their connectors, sockets and connector seals starting from BTS end and proceed towards the antenna end. Replace damaged feeder cable. 2. If MHA is used, check that is of correct (sub)band. 3. With external test equipment, measure the Return loss/VSWR of the antenna line. Perform step 1 again, if the measurement result is higher than expected. 4. Revise the VSWR alarm threshold by appending the commissioning. 5. Replace ECxx.

ECxx RTC module has lost Tx power from all inputs.

No Tx power detected from any of the TRXs connected to ECxx RTC module. Note: This alarm might take up to one hour to appear after RTC module is reset. 1. Issue a sector reset and run a TRX test for each TRX. 2. Check the Tx cabling from all the TRXs and issue a sector reset. Run a TRX test for each TRX. 3. If the alarm persists, replace ECxx.

ECxx RTC module received insufficient Tx power.

ECxx RTC module detected insufficient power during cavity tuning. RTC is unable to perform cavity tuning. 1. Issue a sector lock/unlock to allow ECxx RTC module reconfiguration. 2. Check that the Tx cabling between EXxx and ECxx is correctly mated. Check also the condition of cables. 3. If all the EXxx connected to the ECxx have raised this alarm, replace ECxx. 4. Replace EXxx. 5. Replace ECxx.

ERxx DDU module connected to wrong EXxx TRX module.

There is a conflict in the antenna cabling (RF source unit) between the SCF and the actual configuration. 1. Check that the antenna cabling information in the SCF refers to the correct and existing ERxx.

ERxx DDU module has detected no Tx power at TxA input.

There is no Tx power detected at TxA input of ERxx DDU module. If the alarm is raised on an IDD/DPTRX object serving the BCCH and another IDD/DPTRX object is available in the sector, lock the BCCH TRX object. BSC will reconfigure the BCCH to the working IDD/DPTRX object. Otherwise the IDD/DP enabled sector operates with reduced performance. 1. Check the whole Tx cabling chain between EXxx, EWxx (upon usage) and ERxx that they are correctly mated between the units. 2. Check that the cables are not damaged or bent too sharply. 3. Replace EXxx. 4. Replace ERxx. 5. Replace EWxx. Note that when the IDD TRX is connected to DDU, if any one path is broken, the alarm is 7607; if both paths are broken, the alarm is 7606.

ERxx DDU module has detected no Tx power at TxB input.

There is no Tx power detected at TxB input of ERxx DDU module.If the alarm is raised on an IDD/DPTRX object serving the BCCH and another IDD/DPTRX object is available in the sector, lock the BCCH TRX object. BSC will reconfigure the BCCH to the working IDD/DPTRX object. Otherwise the IDD/DP enabled sector operates with reduced performance. 1. Check the whole Tx cabling chain between EXxx, EWxx (upon usage) and ERxx that they are correctly mated between the units. 2. Check that the cables are not damaged or bent too sharply. 3. Replace EXxx. 4. Replace ERxx. 5. Replace EWxx. Note that when the IDD TRX is connected to DDU, if any one path is broken, the alarm is 7607; if both paths are broken, the alarm is 7606.

ERxx DDU module has detected VSWR above major limit at antenna A.

User definable major alarm threshold for VSWR measurement has been exceeded. The default value is 3.1.If the alarm is raised on an IDD/DPTRX object serving the BCCH and another IDD/DPTRX object is available in the sector, lock the BCCH TRX object. BSC will reconfigure the BCCH to the working IDD/DPTRX object. Otherwise the IDD/DP enabled sector operates with reduced performance. 1. Check the condition of the feeder and jumper cable, their connectors, sockets and connector seals starting from BTS end and proceed towards the antenna end. Replace damaged feeder cable. 2. If MHA is used, check that it is of correct (sub) band. 3. With external test equipment, measure the Return loss/VSWR of the antenna line. Perform step 1 again, if the measurement result is higher than expected. 4. Revise the VSWR alarm threshold by appending the commissioning. 5. Replace ERxx. Note that when the IDD TRX is connected to DDU, if any one path exceeds the VSWR major limit, the alarm is 7607; if both paths exceed the limit, the alarm is 7606. Note that the Dual Duplexer module is able to report Return Loss reliably if the TX (BCCH) power in its TxA or TxB input exceeds ca. +32 dBm.

ERxx DDU module has detected VSWR above major limit at antenna B.

User definable major alarm threshold for VSWR measurement has been exceeded. The default value is 3.1.If the alarm is raised on an IDD/DPTRX object serving the BCCH and another IDD/DPTRX object is available in the sector, lock the BCCH TRX object. BSC will reconfigure the BCCH to the working IDD/DPTRX object. Otherwise the IDD/DP enabled sector operates with reduced performance. 1. Check the condition of the feeder and jumper cable, their connectors, sockets and connector seals starting from BTS end and proceed towards the antenna end. Replace damaged feeder cable. 2. If MHA is used, check that it is of correct (sub) band. 3. With external test equipment, measure the Return loss/VSWR of the antenna line. Perform step 1 again, if the measurement result is higher than expected. 4. Revise the VSWR alarm threshold by appending the commissioning. 5. Replace ERxx. Note that when the IDD TRX is connected to DDU, if any one path exceeds the VSWR major limit, the alarm is 7607; if both paths exceed the limit, the alarm is 7606. Note that the Dual Duplexer module is able to report Return Loss reliably if the TX (BCCH) power in its TxA or TxB input exceeds ca. +32 dBm.

ESMA System module has lost connection to EXxx TRX module.

EXxx TRX module does not respond to polling command from ESMA System module. EXxx TRX module can be connected to ESMA either directly or via ESEA System Extension module. 1. Check the bus cable chain from ESMA to EXxx. 2. If the EXxx LED is off, replace the power cable. 3. Replace EXxx. 4. Replace ESEA if alarming TRX is connected to it. 5. Replace ESMA. Note: If this alarm is starting and cancelling repeatedly and EXxx TRX module is connected with EOCA then check input voltage supplied to EOCA. Ensure that power supply provides voltage within 42V - 57.0V DC range.

EXxx TRX detected no connection to ERxx DDU/ECxx RTC via RF cable autodetection

RF cable autodetection failed due to no Tx or Rx connectivity from EXxx TRX module to ERxx DDU/ECxx RTC module. All Rx measurement report values for a TRX object were below connectivity threshold. 1. Check that the Tx and Rx cables between EXxx, EWxx, and ERxx or ECxx are correctly mated and the connectors and cables are not damaged. Issue a sector reset to restart RF cable autodetection. 2. Check that ECxx/ERxx and EXxx are of same frequency band. 3. Wait for DDU to come in supervisory (Fixed green LED on DDU). Issue a sector reset to restart RF cable autodetection. 4. Replace EXxx. Note that if the DDU is shared across two sectors, a BCF reset is needed.

EXxx TRX module detected no Rx signal during RF cable autodetection

RF cable autodetection failed due to no Rx connectivity from EXxx TRX module to ECxx RTC module. All Rx measurement report values for a TRX object were below connectivity threshold. 1. Check that the Rx cables between EXxx and ECxx are correctly mated and the connectors are not damaged. Issue a sector reset to restart RF cable autodetection. 2. Check that ECxx and EXxx are of same frequency band. 3. If all the EXxx connected to the ECxx have raised this alarm, replace ECxx. 4. Replace EXxx.

EXxx TRX module failed to synchronize to incoming frame clock FCLK.

EXxx TRX module has detected that it cannot synchronise to the Frame Clock. FCLK is generated by ESMA System Module which is distributed to EXxx TRX modules either directly or via ESEA. 1. Check the bus cable chain from ESMA to EXxx. Issue a HW Reset to EXxx. 2. Replace EXxx. 3. Replace ESMA. 4. Replace ESEA. Caution: If bus cables are looped back to the same module, ongoing calls may be dropped or a module may freeze until the loop is removed. Do not loop bus cables back to the same module.

EXxx TRX module has no combiner ERxx DDU or ECxx RTC module present.

There is no ERxx DDU module or ECxx RTC module detected for the sector at start up. 1. Depending on the desired configuration: 1.1 Connect/check ER_A cable between ERxx and EXxx for the associated sector and issue a sector reset. OR 1.2 Connect/check bus cable between ECxx and ESMA and issue a sector reset. 2. Replace ERxx/ECxx. 3. Replace EXxx. Note that if the DDU is shared across two sectors, a BCF reset is needed. Note: If the configuration is 1+X containing only one ERxx DDU module, it has to be connected to the split EXxx TRX module shared between the two sectors.

EXxx TRX module has lost connection to ESMA System module

Ethernet link to system box broken. This alarm is not visible to customer.

EXxx TRX module incoming 6.5 MHz reference clock missing.

EXxx TRX module has detected that the 6.5 MHz reference clock coming from the ESMA System Module is missing. The 6.5 MHz reference is generated by ESMA System Module which is distributed to EXxx TRX modules either directly or via ESEA. 1. Check the bus cable chain from ESMA to EXxx. 2. Replace EXxx. 3. Replace ESEA if alarming TRX is connected to it. 4. Replace ESMA. Caution: If bus cables are looped back to the same module, ongoing calls may be dropped or a module may freeze until the loop is removed. Do not loop bus cables back to the same module.

EXxx TRX module incoming frame clock FCLK missing.

EXxx TRX module has detected that the Frame Clock coming from the ESMA System Module is missing. FCLK is generated by ESMA System Module which is distributed to EXxx TRX modules either directly or via ESEA. 1. Check the bus cable chain from ESMA to EXxx. 2. Replace EXxx. 3. Replace ESEA if alarming TRX is connected to it. 4. Replace ESMA. Caution: If bus cables are looped back to the same module, ongoing calls may be dropped or a module may freeze until the loop is removed. Do not loop bus cables back to the same module.

EXxx TRX module Rx fixed frequency synthesizer fails to lock.

Rx fixed frequency synthesizer in EXxx TRX module was unable to (maintain) lock to the given channel. 1. Reset TRX/Sector. 2. Replace EXxx.

EXxx TRX module Rx hopping synthesizer 1 fails to lock.

Rx hopping synthesizer 1 in EXxx TRX module was unable to (maintain) lock to the given channel. 1. Reset TRX/Sector. 2. Replace EXxx.

EXxx TRX module Rx hopping synthesizer 2 fails to lock.

Rx hopping synthesizer 2 in EXxx TRX module was unable to (maintain) lock to the given channel. 1. Reset TRX/Sector. 2. Replace EXxx.

EXxx TRX module Tx power is less than minimum at DPC.

Tx output power is less than +14.5dBm at Digital Power Control circuit block in EXxx TRX module. 1. Replace EXxx.

EXxx TRX module Tx power overdriven at DPC.

Tx output power is over 2 dB higher than expected at Digital Power Control circuit block in EXxx TRX module. 1. Replace EXxx.

EXxx TRX module SW download from ESMA System Module failed.

ESMx System Module detected that SW download to EXxx TRX module has failed repeatedly at TRX startup. EXxx TRX module can be connected to ESMA either directly or via ESEA System Extension module. 1. Check the bus cable chain from ESMA to EXxx. 2. Replace EXxx. Caution: If bus cables are looped back to the same module, ongoing calls may be dropped or a module may freeze until the loop is removed. Do not loop bus cables back to the same module.

EXxx TRX module temperature dangerously high.

EXxx TRX module has detected that its internal temperature has exceeded +95C/+203F. 1. Ensure that the ambient temperature of the base station is below +50C/+122F. 2. Check if any fan alarms are also active. If active, refer to fan alarm instructions to resolve. 3. Replace the EXxx.

EXxx TRX module Tx hopping synthesizer 1 fails to lock.

Tx hopping synthesizer 1 in EXxx TRX module was unable to (maintain) lock to the given channel. 1. Reset TRX/Sector. 2. Replace EXxx.

EXxx TRX module Tx hopping synthesizer 2 fails to lock.

Tx hopping synthesizer 2 in EXxx TRX module was unable to (maintain) lock to the given channel. 1. Reset TRX/Sector. 2. Replace EXxx.

EXxx TRX module Tx power overdriven at DPC.

Tx output power is over 2 dB higher than expected at Digital Power Control circuit block in EXxx TRX module. If alarm is raised on IDD/DPTRX object serving the BCCH AND another IDD/DPTRX object is available in the sector, then lock the BCCH TRX object. BSC will reconfigure BCCH to the working IDD/DPTRX object. Otherwise IDD/DP enabled sector operates with reduced performance. Remote: 1. Reset TRX/Sector. Local: 2. Issue DTRX HW reset via BTS Manager. 3. Replace EXxx.

Internal failure occurred during EXxx TRX module configuring.

There was no internal response or timeout occurred during EXxx TRX module configuration. 1. Reset the EXxx to allow unit reconfiguration. 2. If alarm persists, replace EXxx.

Irrecoverable Loss of BSS Synch

The received FCLK has slipped more than 40μs away from the LMU FCLK while using the Abis clock as a secondary master-clock. This timing error is too high to be recovered reliably. 1. Site reset is required. Note that the alarm start is based on the following: 1.Large alignment problems between Abis clock and external clock reference, after external clock reference has recovered from fault condition. 2. Fluctuation in the DAC word. Alarm start will equate to significant degradation in DFCA performance.

Logical TRX object has missing transmission time slot allocation.

TRXsig and/or TCH allocation for Logical TRX object is missing from the Abis allocation. 1. Check that BTS configuration and Abis time slot allocation matches between the SCF, installed units, and the BSC. 2. Add missing time slot allocation to the SCF/BTS by appending the commissioning file.

Mismatch between SCF and actual ECxx RTC module position.

There is a conflict in the antenna cabling (RF source unit) between the SCF and the actual configuration. 1. Check that the antenna cabling information in the SCF refers to the correct and existing ECxx.

Phase difference between Tx signals is too high with DPTRX

Phase difference between the combined Tx signals is too high resulting in reduced Tx output power. If the alarm is raised on an IDD/DPTRX object serving the BCCH and another IDD/DPTRX object is available in the sector, lock the BCCH TRX object. BSC will reconfigure the BCCH to the working IDD/DPTRX object. Otherwise the IDD/DP enabled sector operates with reduced performance. 1. Check that the Phase Detector cable is correctly mated between EWxA and EXxx. 2. Replace the Phase Detector cable. 3. Replace EWxA. 4. Replace EXxx.

PDU control has switched off ECxx RTC Module

Either System module has switched OFF power to ECxx RTC module due to low/high voltage or power is toggled OFF by user from BTS Manager power control menu. 1. Check the ESMA input voltage is between 39 - 58VDC. 2. Power ON the PDU from BTS Manager (BTS Control | Power Control). 3. Replace ESMA.

PDU control has switched off EXxx TRX Module

Either System (extension) module has switched OFF power to EXxx TRX module due to low/high voltage or power is toggled OFF by user from BTS Manager power control menu. 1. Check the ESMA/ESEA input voltage is between 39 - 58VDC. 2. Power ON the PDU from BTS Manager (BTS Control | Power Control). 3. Replace ESMA/ESEA.

RF cable autodetection failed.

RF cable autodetection fails due to inconclusive Rx levels received. Therefore, BTS cannot determine RF cabling. 1. Run RFCAD to the failing sector(s) by performing a sector lock/unlock or a sector reset from the BTS Manager. 2. Define the RF cabling manually through recommissioning. 3. Replace EWxx. 4. Replace Erxx/ECxx. 5. Replace EXxx. 6. Replace ESxx. Note that if the DDU is shared across two sectors, a BCF reset is needed.

RF cabling missing for DPTRX.

RF cabling is detected to be missing from DPTRX object. 1. Check that all Tx and Rx cables are fully mated between the EXxx, EWxA and ERxx. 2. Replace EWxA. 3. Replace EXxx. 4. Replace ERxx.

Two or more ERxx DDU modules detected in 2- or 4-way combined sector

In this configuration, RF cable autodetection does not support more than one ERxx DDU module in a sector. 1. Check that the Tx cabling from EXxx and EWxx modules in one sector are connected to the same ERxx module. 2. Depending on the desired configuration: 2.1. If more than one ERxx is needed in a sector, change commissioning settings so that RF cables are defined manually. OR 2.2. Remove extra ERxx from the sector.

XEOCA optical module detected extreme temperature.

EOCA Optical module has detected that its internal temperature has exceeded +90C/+194F. 1. Ensure that the ambient temperature of the base station is below +50C/+122F. 2. Check if any fan alarm is also active. If active, refer to fan alarm instructions to resolve. 3. Replace the alarming EOCA.

XEOCA optical module reported HW failure

ESMA System module detected that hardware failure has occurred in EOCA Optical module at startup. 1. If on Local EOCA, replace Local EOCA. 2. If on Remote EOCA, replace Remote EOCA.

XEOCA optical module reported incoming clock failure

Incoming clock errors or optical link failures either in Local or Remote EOCA Optical module. 1. If on Local EOCA: 1.1 Check the bus cable, the connectors or replace the cable between ESxx and Local EOCA. 1.2 Check optical transceiver plug-in unit of Local EOCA. 1.3 Replace Local EOCA. 1.4 Check optical transceiver plug-in unit of Remote EOCA. 1.5 Replace Remote EOCA. 1.6 Check the optical cable and its connector(s) and replace cable in case faulty. 2. If on Remote EOCA: 2.1 Check optical transceiver plug-in unit of Local EOCA. 2.2 Replace Local EOCA. 2.3 Check optical transceiver plug-in unit of Remote EOCA. 2.4 Replace Remote EOCA. 2.5 Check the optical cable and its connector(s) and replace cable incase faulty.